Multiple Ammonia Fountains - Reversing the Process
As the liquid flows out of the system, we see the ammonia fountain process in reverse.
acids/bases
Conductimetric Titration - Introduction
The conductivities of a sulfuric acid solution and a barium hydroxide solution are tested, and will be the basis for monitoring a simple titration.
Conductimetric Titration - Demonstration
As a barium hydroxide solution is added to a sulfuric acid solution, the solution's conductivity gradually decreases. When the acid is consumed, the conductivity approaches zero, then rises again as more base is added.
Organic Acid Solubility: Step 1 of 3
Extraction of an acid with a base using a separatory funnel is demonstrated. In this initial step, the aqueous and organic solvents along with an indicator are added to the funnel.
Organic Acid Solubility: Step 2 of 3
Extraction of an acid with a base using a separatory funnel is demonstrated. In this step, aqueous base is added and the result noted.
Organic Acid Solubility: Step 3 of 3
Extraction of an acid with a base using a separatory funnel is demonstrated. In this step, aqueous acid is added and the result noted.
Copper penny with concentrated nitric acid
The reaction of a copper penny (minted pre-1982) and concentrated nitric acid (15 M) is shown. Red-brown nitrogen dioxide is generated and some of the copper dissolves to form a blue solution of copper(II) nitrate.
Electrical conductivity of hydrochloric acid
The electrical conductivity apparatus circuit is completed by an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid.
Electrolysis of a sulfuric acid solution
An electric current is passed through a sulfuric acid solution. Gases collected at the electrodes are tested.
Electrolysis of a neutral solution animation
This animation simulates the electrolysis of a neutral aqueous solution.