Thermite reaction

When ignited by a glycerin/permanganate reaction, an aluminum/iron oxide mixture reacts vigorously and spectacularly, producing molten iron and aluminum oxide.

Discussion: 

The ceramic pot contains layers of solids. The bottom layer is a mixture of coarsely ground iron oxide, Fe2O3, and aluminum. The middle layer is a mixture of these same two metals finely ground. The top layer is potassium permanganate, KMNO4.

Glycerin is added to potassium permanganate at the top of a ceramic pot containing aluminum metal and iron oxide. When ignited by the glycerin/permanganate reaction, the aluminum/iron oxide mixture reacts vigorously and spectacularly, producing molten iron and aluminum oxide.

The equation for the reaction is
Fe2O3 + 2Al —> Al2O3 + 2Fe

Credits: 
  • Demonstration
    • Lynn R. Hunsberger University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
  • Video
    • Steven D. Gammon University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843
  • Text
    • Kelly Houston Jetzer University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706
    • John W. Moore University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706