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Butane

Free rotation about carbon-carbon single bonds and the Newman projection of anti- and gauche- butane conformations are illustrated.

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6.3 MB, 99 seconds

File: MOVIES/TRAM02/0093817.MOV

Voiceover
Free rotation about the bond between carbons 2 and 3 of butane reveals steric crowding when the methyl groups are eclipsed. The energy decreases as the methyl groups move farther apart. The anti-conformation of butane, the lowest energy arrangement is formed when the methyl groups are opposite each other. This may be shown in a Newman projection. If the model is twisted (120°) a higher energy staggered conformation called the gauche form is obtained. The Newman projection of the gauche form of butane is illustrated.

Discussion


Ball-and-stick and Space-filling Models of Butane
       

Energy versus Angle of Rotation for Butane
       

Design, Text and Demonstrator:  
  Gary Trammell University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62794
Videographer/Editor:  
  Steve Dykema University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62794
Voice:  
  Margaret Biddle University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Audio Production:  
  Greg Minix University of Wisconsin - Madison, College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706
  Jerrold J. Jacobsen University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706